#De para en ingles tv#

There is even a Brazilian saying, вЂpara ingles verвЂ™, or вЂfor the English to seeвЂ™. Brazil has long had to fabricate an image of success and stability to attract investors (from states whose own wealth was generated by resource theft from Brazil and other colonies). Image-based or вЂcity brandingвЂ™ policies are nothing new. The focus of pacification is largely on favelas closest to the stadiums, which leads gangs to relocate to other, poorer favelas, while indiscriminate police violence under the pretext of protecting tourists is increasing across the city. These are essentially military invasions of favelas in which a specially created police force wrests control from drug trafficking gangs.ДЄnnabelвЂ™s research shows that these programmes are provoked and sustained by RioвЂ™s hosting of the World Cup. Last year I supervised the undergraduate dissertation of Land Economy student Annabel Cooke, who chose to write about the links between the World Cup and the вЂpacificationвЂ™ projects in RioвЂ™s favelas.

#De para en ingles tv#

They result in programmes that prioritise flashy, short-term initiatives targeted at tourists and TV audiences rather than residents. Mega-events have a direct bearing on city planning. The widespread resistance to the World Cup in Brazil places an onus on social scientists, activists and policy makers to ask whether the hosting of mega-events is actually ever вЂgood forвЂ™ a city, and if so, for whom exactly? The neglected stadiums in Cape Town and Athens loom as a warning for the legacy of BrazilвЂ™s World Cup as well as for RioвЂ™s 2016 Olympic Games.

There is an increasing trend for city governments to use international mega-events to raise their international profile, attract investment, and provide impetus for urban development projects. This popular anger has now re-erupted as the world focuses its attention on a country where an economic boom has done little for the majority of the population. In Rio, as in other host cities, simmering discontent continued as World Cup construction projects resulted in unbearable levels of traffic congestion through the cityвЂ™s hottest summer for 30 years. Sparked by rising bus fares, these protests became a much larger movement against inequality, corruption, privatisation and the everyday brutality of the military police. In June 2013, more than two million people took to the streets of Brazilian cities in what came to be known as the вЂVinegar RevoltвЂ™ or вЂBrazilian AutumnвЂ™. In Belo Horizonte, an unfinished overpass constructed for the World Cup collapsed only yesterday, killing two people on a bus while othersВ were trapped inside. During the Chile-Spain match in Rio de Janeiro, 25-year-old Afonso MaurГcio Linhares was shot and killed by the police as he was refereeing a local football match in the Manguinhos favela just 6km from the stadium. It is these very groups who are being evicted, priced out, repressed and shot at for the sake of FIFAвЂ™s mega-event.

Megastars RomГЎrio, PelГ©, Ronaldo and Jairzinho all grew up in favelas. Football in Brazil owes much of its fame and vibrancy to the most vulnerable social groups. The World Cup is a bitter topic for many Brazilians, already angry at an undemocratic and regressive use of public funds. As the World Cup enters its fourth week, tensions mount in the stadiums but more so in the streets outside, with protests accompanying most matches. EnglandвЂ™s team may have returned home, but eyes remain on Brazil.